History

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The development phase

The release of the first Grand Seiko in 1960

From the start the idea was simple, but its realization was fraught with challenges. The idea was to build a watch that would be as precise, durable, easy to wear and beautiful as humanly possible. While Seiko’s Crown and other mechanical watches of the 1950’s were constantly improving and increasingly popular, the team assembled to create Grand Seiko knew that, given time and resource, they needed to, and could, go further.

The first Grand Seiko was a major advance. The new caliber 3180 was accurate to within +12 to -3 seconds a day and offered a power reserve of 45 hours. It was the first watch in Japan to be compliant with the standard of excellence of the Bureaux Officiels de Contrôle de la Marche des Montres.

The Grand Seiko Self-Dater, 1964

The 1960 Grand Seiko was a great success, but the design team was determined to scale new heights in pursuit of their goal of creating the ‘ideal’ watch. Just four years from the creation of the first Grand Seiko, the Grand Seiko Self-Dater was introduced. The emphasis was on practicality. It had a calendar function and improved water resistance up to 50 meters, and was designed to be as practical in the office as it was beautiful in the evening.

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The 1960’s. A decade of change.

The establishment of the Grand Seiko design philosophy

Released in 1967, 44GS had the highest level of accuracy of any manually wound 5 beat watch in the world. In just a few short years, Grand Seiko had made extraordinary strides towards its goal. The design of 44GS included many aspects that have been passed on to today's Grand Seiko watches.

44GS established the look that Grand Seiko has continued to this day. It was a complex design idea, with rules about proportion, finish, angles and every other design aspect and became known as the Grand Seiko Style. Indeed, there were three basic principles and no fewer than nine elements required to achieve them. No other watch has had such an influence on the character of Grand Seiko and all subsequent Grand Seiko models have share the same unique brilliance and charm as 44GS because they have all expressed the Grand Seiko Style.
LEARN MORE ABOUT THE GRAND SEIKO STYLE

The rapid development of Grand Seiko's mechanical watches

Throughout the decade, the Grand Seiko collection grew and new calibers were continually introduced. In 1967, Grand Seiko unveiled the 62GS, the first automatic Grand Seiko, followed in 1968 by the automatic 10 beat 61GS and the manual 10 beat 45GS.

Driven by the demands of the age and the new possibilities that technology presented, watch accuracy became a global obsession and competition at chronometer trials intensified.

Having won every chronometer competition in Japan, Grand Seiko’s team looked overseas for new challenges and the Swiss observatory chronometry trials graciously admitted its entries in 1964. In the years that followed, the rankings steadily improved, at both the Neuchâtel and Geneva ‘concours’. In 1968, the company’s movements were awarded the overall prize as the best mechanical watches in the Geneva observatory competition and the world saw that the movements that would find their way into Grand Seiko were among the very best in the world.

These results were no accident. Thanks to ever improving watchmaking skills, the invention of new alloys and components and a passion to create the ‘ideal’ watch, Seiko and, more specifically, the Grand Seiko team made a definitive and lasting contribution to the raising of global standards of mechanical watchmaking. Thanks to its unique Spron alloys, the torque and durability of its mainsprings were enhanced and made possible the increase of the balance wheel oscillation rate to 10 beats per second to significantly increase the accuracy of its watches. The challenge of a viable hi-beat watch was met. A series of specially adjusted watches further raised the bar and set new standards of precision over time by being less susceptible to changes in position and other external influences.

The level of accuracy was astonishing, with a variation of less than ±2 seconds per day or ±1 minute per month. Having pursued the goal of accuracy to the very limit of what was possible at the time, the Grand Seiko team gave its ultra-high-precision models the "Grand Seiko Very Fine Adjusted" name. The 61GS V.F.A. and the 45GS V.F.A became legends.

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The development of Grand Seiko quartz

Grand Seiko's first quartz watch

In 1988, the first Grand Seiko quartz watch, the 95GS was born. It far exceeded the performance of all regular quartz watches with its accuracy of ±10 seconds per year. The secret, as ever with Grand Seiko, was the ability to manufacture every component in-house. Using quartz crystals grown in its own facilities and in its own way, the Grand Seiko team was able to select only those oscillators that exhibited superior performance in temperature resistance, humidity resistance and shock resistance, to produce movements with the highest possible accuracy.

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The pursuit of the ideal quartz watch.

Grand Seiko creates the ultimate quartz watch.

While the first Grand Seiko quartz watch was exceptional, it did not quench the enthusiasm of the Grand Seiko team to go further and create the ‘ideal’ quartz watch. In 1993, just five years after the arrival of the first Grand Seiko quartz watch, Caliber 9F83 was completed. This quartz watch incorporated four key innovations, the Backlash Auto-Adjust Mechanism, the Twin Pulse Control System, the Instant Date Change Mechanism, and the protective shield construction. It sought to embody what Grand Seiko considered to be the essential qualities of a wrist watch, namely: accuracy, beauty, legibility, durability and ease of use. Grand Seiko spared no efforts in the details, making this the pinnacle of quartz watchmaking.
LEARN MORE ABOUT THE 9F QUARTZ MOVEMENT

The development continued. In 1997 Seiko unveiled the 9F6 series, with a superior level of case design that made Grand Seiko quartz watches even more comfortable to wear.

2003 saw the creation of new quartz watch series whose resistance to magnetism was a remarkable 40,000 A/m. This series utilized an advanced exterior design and new casing techniques that allowed its ±10 seconds per year precision to be unaffected by proximity to computers, mobile phones and other electronic devices.

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A new generation of mechanical watches

Setting a new standard

In the mid 1990’s, the time was right for a new generation of Grand Seiko mechanical watches. The technology of the company’s watch making had advanced, tastes had changed and time had passed.

At first, it was thought that simple improvements to the existing mechanical movements would be sufficient, but the goal of the ‘ideal’ watch drove the Grand Seiko team to go further. The movement designers scrapped the original plan in favor of an entirely new design which posed new challenges in every area of the art of traditional watchmaking. By 1996, the 9S movement was ready to be tested.

The 9S mechanical movement

In 1990, Grand Seiko submitted its movements to the accuracy tests conducted by the Contrôle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres (COSC), the official chronometer testing institute of Switzerland. Three of the first four prototypes passed and, soon after, 50 production movements were submitted to COSC and all of them met the institute's standards.

It was a success, but was it a success by the standards that the Grand Seiko team set for themselves? The team decided to create its own, new, GS Standard at a level higher than any public standard of the day. To meet this standard requires more testing, in more positions for a longer period and at more temperatures. It is a gold standard that every Grand Seiko mechanical watch, to this day, must attain.

Precision is but one aspect of the ‘ideal’ watch. An ideal watch must have a power reserve that is as long as possible. At a time when most watches delivered 40 hours, Grand Seiko set its standard at 50 hours.

To achieve higher precision and a longer power reserve required innovations in materials, design, manufacturing techniques and assembly. New alloys were designed, techniques previously used in semi-conductor manufacturing were adapted to watchmaking, new facilities were built and no expense was spared. 9S was, and, thanks to continuous development, remains one of the very finest mechanical calibres in the world. Calibre 9S51 and Calibre 9S55 were created in 1998. Calibre 9S67 with a 72-hour power reserve was created in 2006. The Grand Seiko 9S journey continues.

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The debut of Spring Drive

The quiet revolution

In 1977, a young watch engineer decided to put to the test his belief that perhaps, after all, a watch manufacturer could realize the elusive dream of the ‘everlasting’ watch. He had the vision and the courage to conceive of a traditional watch, powered by a mainspring, that would deliver the one-second-a-day accuracy that electronic watches were then already able to deliver. This brilliant engineer, Yoshikazu Akahane, was a persistent and determined man. It took him over twenty years, during which he endured countless setbacks and created over 600 prototypes, but he and his team eventually succeeded. It required new technologies in every aspect of the watchmaker’s art, and they created them, one by one, year by year. In 1999, Spring Drive was born.

Do the planets shudder or ‘tick’ noisily as they cross the heavens? Of course not. Time is both continuous and silent, and it is by reflecting these essential characteristics of time itself that Seiko Spring Drive fulfills its promise as the only watch in the world to tell time as nature itself tells time.

Grand Seiko's first Spring Drive Calibre 9R65

In 2004, the first Grand Seiko Spring Drive, a model using Calibre 9R65, was released. Combining a traditional mainspring with an electronic regulator, Spring Drive offered the best of both worlds; a watch powered by the wearer’s motion but a level of accuracy many times higher than that achievable with any mechanical technology.

To meet the high standards of Grand Seiko, Spring Drive needed to offer more than precision, and an extended power reserve was the goal the development team chose. They set the target at 72 hours so that the watch would still be precise even after a weekend away from the wrist. The challenge was to develop a more efficient automatic winding system. Only then could Grand Seiko claim to have produced the ultimate in practical watches.

The dream was realized through an extensive process of R & D that lasted 28 years. It required advances in both mechanical and electronic watchmaking that were only possible because Grand Seiko was, and still is, one of the very few manufactures that produces, assembles and adjusts parts for both mechanical and quartz movements—a true and deep integration of technology and craftsmanship.
LEARN MORE ABOUT CALIBRE 9R65

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A mechanical watch with a 3-day power reserve

Calibre 9S67—the mechanical watch with a 72-hour power reserve

Ever increasing levels of performance have always been the Grand Seiko goal. The next target for Grand Seiko became to develop a watch with a 72-hour power reserve—a watch that would still be working on Monday morning even if removed from the wrist on Friday evening.

By 2006, Calibre 9S67 was ready. Calibre 9S67 mechanical movement challenged the limits of the conventional single-barrel mechanism to develop automatic mechanical 3-day-power-reserve watches. While beating at the same 28,800 beats per hour rate as Calibre 9S55, the Calibre 9S67 used a barrel with the same diameter as those in the existing 9S5 line, but incorporated a mainspring that was wider and 10 centimeters longer and thereby achieved a power reserve of 72 hours.

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New Spring Drive calibres, with increased functionality

Spring Drive GMT

For the international traveler, a GMT function and the precision of Spring Drive is a perfect combination, as the accuracy is maintained even when time zone adjustment is made. In 2005, the Spring Drive GMT was created.
LEARN MORE ABOUT CALIBRE 9R66

The world’s most accurate luxury chronograph

Thanks to the glide motion of the chronograph second hand, the Spring Drive Chronograph measures elapsed time exactly and not just to the nearest part of a second. With column wheel and vertical clutch systems for exact button operation, the Spring Drive Chronograph times up to 12 hours, with a precision of one second a day.
LEARN MORE ABOUT CALIBRE 9R86

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The 9S development continues

The evolution of Hi-Beat

A 10 beat caliber beats at ten times a second, a rate substantially faster than that of ordinary mechanical movements. While the faster vibration rate makes a watch more resilient to shock and thus more accurate, it also consumes more power from the mainspring and demands greater resiliency from other components. For half a century, Grand Seiko mainsprings have been manufactured in house. Using all this experience, a new alloy was created for the 9S mainspring which has the strength and durability to deliver 55 hours of power reserve and to maintain this high level of performance for generations.
LEARN MORE ABOUT CALIBER 9S85

Mechanical Hi-beat 36000 with GMT function

Grand Seiko completed Caliber 9S86 with the addition of a GMT function (a 24-hour display function) a mere five years after the creation of the Caliber 9S85.

Pulling the crown out by one notch enables the hour hand to be adjusted without stopping the seconds hand so that the highly accurate timekeeping delivered by the Hi-Beat 36000 is not lost.
The watch is the embodiment of the Grand Seiko pursuit of high accuracy, maintaining exceptional precision in both the essential time display and the GMT function.
LEARN MORE ABOUT CALIBER 9S86

Caliber 9S65—a new level of mechanical excellence.

Caliber 9S55 was upgraded with a 8 beat movement and highly precise parts made using MEMS advanced technology (used in Caliber 9S85) to become the 9S65.
New components and materials were combined to create Caliber 9S65 and to deliver a power reserve extended to 72 hours.

Caliber 9S65  typifies the very best in advanced manufacturing with several key components being made with MEMS technology. First created in 2009, it has established a strong record of reliability and consistent performance. 
LEARN MORE ABOUT CALIBER 9S65

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Challenging the unknown

Grand Seiko's first black ceramic watch

In 2016 Seiko created its first all-ceramic case and launched a new collection. This collection showed a new side to Grand Seiko and demonstrated that the Grand Seiko virtues of precision, durability, legibility and beauty are as perfect in a sport watch as they are in every other type of timepiece.

The 8 day Caliber 9R01

The Spring Drive 8 day power reserve was unveiled in 2016 and is capable of continuous operation for a remarkable eight days.

This was the first Grand Seiko watch to be created by the world-renowned watchmakers in the Micro Artist Studio at Shiojiri in central Japan where many of the company’s most celebrated luxury watches have been created.

Normally, only one barrel is used in Spring Drive. However, Caliber 9R01 utilizes a series of three barrels which enables the power reserve to be extended to eight days, about 2.5 times longer than usual.

The watch case is made of platinum. Grand Seiko’s Zaratsu polishing technique was specially adapted to this material so the distinctive distortion-free surfaces and sharp edges of Grand Seiko are achieved.

Caliber 9R01 opened a new chapter in the continuing innovation of Grand Seiko. While staying true to its eternal values, Grand Seiko will always explore new avenues of creativity in every aspect of the watchmaker’s art.
LEARN MORE ABOUT CALIBER 9R01

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Scaling new heights of watchmaking excellence

Grand Seiko has always been distinct in its design, character, presentation and, more recently, its calibers. In order to further reinforce its unique appeal and to reach out to a wider audience, in 2017 Grand Seiko took another step forward and became an entirely separate brand. On all its creations from 2017 onwards, the Grand Seiko logo has been at the twelve o'clock position, rather than at six. This change symbolized Grand Seiko’s aim to set its own, fully independent course and to seek to scale new heights in watchmaking excellence in the years to come.

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60 years after the birth of Grand Seiko, a new cycle begins.

The number 60 has great resonance in the watch industry as it is one of the fundamental numbers in horology but, in Japan, it has another and even more important significance. When a person reaches 60, he or she has gone full circle through the traditional zodiac cycle and has arrived back at the beginning. So a 60th anniversary is much more than a moment to reflect on past achievements. It is a moment of new energy and re-birth. In 2020, Grand Seiko embarked on the its second sixty year cycle. A new era begins.

This new era opened with the release of two important and highly innovative new movements. Created in the Grand Seiko Studio Shizukuishi, Caliber 9SA5 is a new 10-beat movement that delivers both high precision and a long power reserve. Three key innovations are at its heart, a Grand Seiko Free-sprung Balance, an overcoil and a Dual Impulse Escapement. As well as having its own intrinsic advantages in enhanced functionality, Caliber 9SA5 is also a caliber that was designed to open up new design horizons in the years ahead.  The second movement, Spring Drive Caliber 9RA5, was created in the Shinshu Watch Studio in Shiojiri. This movement was also entirely new and took Spring Drive into a new age of opportunity with enhanced accuracy and an extended power reserve. Like Caliber 9SA5, it, too, is slimmer and is finished with exquisite refinement.

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Attempting to achieve a high level of precision through a mechanism of unprecedented complexity

Announcement of the T0 Constant-force Tourbillon, a first-of-its-kind concept movement for a mechanical timepiece.

In the 1960s, Seiko dominated the top positions of the mechanical timepiece division of the Swiss observatory chronometry trials, which applied the most exacting standards in the world. Within this environment, Grand Seiko advanced its technologies and continuously pursued even greater mechanical precision. In 1998, Grand Seiko created the range of 9S calibers upon which its mechanical watchmaking future would be built. Then, in 2020, the company completed work on a movement that was unlike anything else in the world: the T0 Constant-force Tourbillon.

This work incorporated a combination of a tourbillon(*1) and constant-force(*2) mechanism by using techniques that had never before been applied, achieving the highest level of timekeeping precision in the history of Seiko mechanical watchmaking. The T0 pursues even greater accuracy, with one of its main features being a ticking sound comparable to the sixteenth note in music. Having a goal of extreme levels of accuracy, the T0 features not only a beautiful appearance but a sophisticated aural aesthetic.

Unprecedented in the history of mechanical watchmaking, this complex mechanism with a constant-force device and a tourbillon on the same axis is the embodiment of Grand Seiko’s efforts to continue striving for the pinnacle of what is possible in mechanical timepieces.

(*1) Tourbillon
A mechanism that rotates the balance wheel and surrounding parts at a fixed speed, which eliminates errors in precision that arise due to the impact of gravity.

(*2) Constant-force
A mechanism that delivers a fixed amount of energy to the balance wheel, which regulates the precision of a mechanical timepiece, regardless of how much the mainspring has been wound (that is, the level of torque in the mainspring).

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A New Step for Grand Seiko
Release of the Tentagraph, Grand Seiko’s first mechanical chronograph movement

In 2023, Grand Seiko released an automatic-winding chronograph that features timekeeping precision at 10 beats per second and operates with a three-day power reserve (approximately 72 hours). Grand Seiko named this technology Tentagraph, and with the associated development of the Caliber 9SC5, the brand’s first mechanical chronograph movement, Grand Seiko has taken yet another step for the history books.

The Tentagraph houses the Dual-Impulse Escapement and a twin-barrel (two-mainspring) mechanism. Combined, these technologies achieve a long power reserve of approximately 72 hours, even with the chronograph operating at 10 beats per second. The chronograph mechanism has been engineered to ensure, operability, durability, and accurate measurement, with the innovative movement boasting high precision and superior energy efficiency.